Research achievements of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on 60 years of aeromagnetic surveys     

《China Geology》2021,4(1):147-177

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (also referred to as the Plateau) has long received much attention from the community of geoscience due to its unique geographical location and rich mineral resources. This paper reviews the aeromagnetic surveys in the Plateau in the past 60 years and summarizes relevant research achievements, which mainly include the followings. (1) The boundaries between the Plateau and its surrounding regions have been clarified. In detail, its western boundary is restricted by West Kunlun-Altyn Tagh arc-shaped magnetic anomaly zone forming due to the arc-shaped connection of the Altyn Tagh and Kangxiwa faults and its eastern boundary consists of the boundaries among different magnetic fields along the Longnan (Wudu)-Kangding Fault. Meanwhile, the fault on the northern margin of the Northern Qilian Mountains serves as its northern boundary. (2) The Plateau is mainly composed of four orogens that were stitched together, namely East Kunlun-Qilian, Hoh-Xil-Songpan, Chamdo-Southwestern Sanjiang (Nujiang, Lancang, and Jinsha rivers in southeastern China), and Gangdese-Himalaya orogens. (3) The basement of the Plateau is dominated by weakly magnetic Proterozoic metamorphic rocks and lacks strongly magnetic Archean crystalline basement of stable continents such as the Tarim and Sichuan blocks. Therefore, it exhibits the characteristics of unstable orogenic basement. (4) The Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone forming due to continent-continent collisions since the Cenozoic shows double aeromagnetic anomaly zones. Therefore, it can be inferred that the Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone formed from the Indian Plate subducting towards and colliding with the Eurasian Plate twice. (5) A huge negative aeromagnetic anomaly in nearly SN trending has been discovered in the middle part of the Plateau, indicating a giant deep thermal-tectonic zone. (6) A dual-layer magnetic structure has been revealed in the Plateau. It consists of shallow magnetic anomaly zones in nearly EW and NW trending and deep magnetic anomaly zones in nearly SN trending. They overlap vertically and cross horizontally, showing the flyover-type geological structure of the Plateau. (7) A group of NW-trending faults occur in eastern Tibet, which is intersected rather than connected by the nearly EW trending that develop in middle-west Tibet. (8) As for the central uplift zone that occurs through the Qiangtang Basin, its metamorphic basement tends to gradually descend from west to east, showing the form of steps. The Qiangtang Basin is divided into the northern and southern part by the central uplift zone in it. The basement in the Qiangtang Basin is deep in the north and west and shallow in the south and west. The basement in the northern Qiangtang Basin is deep and relatively stable and thus is more favorable for the generation and preservation of oil and gas. Up to now, 19 favorable tectonic regions of oil and gas have been determined in the Qiangtang Basin. (9) A total of 21 prospecting areas of mineral resources have been delineated and thousands of ore-bearing (or mineralization) anomalies have been discovered. Additionally, the formation and uplift mechanism of the Plateau are briefly discussed in this paper.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Archean (about 2500 Ma) anatexis in eastern North China Block     

《China Geology》2021,4(2):215-229

Two Neoarchean alkaline feldspar-rich granites sourced from partially melted granulite-facies granodioritic orthogneiss have been here recognised in the eastern part of the North China Block (NCB). These poorly foliated granites have previously been assumed to be Mesozoic in age and never dated, and so their significance has not been recognised until now. The first granite (AG1) is a porphyritic syenogranite with megacrystic K-feldspar, and the second (AG2) is a quartz syenite with perthitic megacryst. Zircons from the granites yield LA-ICP-MS U-Pb ages of 2499 ± 10 Ma (AG1), and 2492 ± 28 Ma (AG2), which are slightly younger than the granodioritic orthogneiss that they intrude with a crystallisation U-Pb age of 2537 ± 34 Ma. The younger granites have higher assays for SiO₂ (71.91% for AG1 and 73.22% for AG2) and K₂O (7.52% for AG1 and 8.37% for AG2), and much lower assays for their other major element than the granodioritic orthogneiss. All of the granodioritic orthogneiss and granite samples have similar trace element patterns, with depletion in Th, U, Nb, and Ti and enrichment in Rb, Ba, K, La, Ce, and P. This indicates that the granites are derived from the orthogneiss as partial melts. Although they exhibit a similar REE pattern, the granites have much lower total REE contents (30.97×10⁻⁶ for AG1, and 25.93×10⁻⁶ for AG2), but pronounced positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 8.57 for AG1 and 27.04 for AG2). The granodioritic orthogneiss has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70144, εNd(t) value of 3.5, and εHf(t) values ranging from −3.2 to +2.9. The orthogneiss is a product of fractional crystallisation from a dioritic magma, which was derived from a mantle source contaminated by melts derived from a felsic slab. By contrast, the AG1 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.6926 that is considered too low in value, εNd(t) value of 0.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.57 and +3.82; whereas the AG2 sample has an initial ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio of 0.70152, εNd(t) value of 1.3, and εHf(t) values between +0.5 and +14.08. These assays indicate that a Sr-Nd-Hf isotopic disequilibrium exists between the granite and granodioritic orthogneiss. The elevated εHf(t) values of the granites can be explained by the involvement of Hf-bearing minerals, such as orthopyroxene, amphibole, and biotite, in anatectic reactions in the granodioritic orthogneiss. Based on the transitional relationship between the granites and granodioritic orthogneiss and the geochemical characteristics mentioned above, it is concluded that the granites are the product of rapid partial-melting of the granodioritic orthogneiss after granulite-facies metamorphism, and their crystallisation age of about 2500 Ma provides the minimum age of the metamorphism. This about 2500 Ma tectonic-metamorphic event in NCB is similar to the other cratons in India, Antarctica, northern and southern Australia, indicating a possible connection between these cratons during the Neoarchean.  相似文献   

Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of the mixed clastic-carbonate deposits in the Late Paleozoic icehouse period: A case study from the northern Qaidam Basin     

《China Geology》2021,4(4):673-685

The widely-developed, mixed clastic-carbonate succession in the northern Qaidam Basin records the paleo-environment changes under the glacial activity during the Late Paleozoic icehouse period in the context of regional tectonic stability, however, the depositional environment and sequence stratigraphy characteristics of the mixed deposits is rarely reported and still not clear. Combined the latest drilling wells data, we analyzed the sedimentary and stratigraphic characterization of the mixed strata via detailed field outcrops and core observations and thin section microscopic observations and recognized three depositional systems, including progradational coastal system, incised valley system, and carbonate-dominated marine shelf system, and identified four third-order sequences, SQ1, SQ2, SQ3 and SQ4, consisting of LST, TST, and HST. The depositional environment is overall belonged to marine-continental transition context and shifted from marine to continental environment frequently, showing an evolutionary pattern from marine towards terrestrial-marine transition and then back into the marine environment again in the long-term, which was controlled by the regional tectonic subsidence and the high-frequency and large-amplitude sea-level changes due to the Late Paleozoic glacial activity. The result is of significance in understanding the evolution of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the sedimentation-climate response.©2021 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献   

Climate change perceptions and their individual-level determinants: A cross-European analysis     

《Global Environmental Change》2019

There is now an extensive literature on the question of how individual-level factors affect climate change perceptions, showing that socio-political variables, notably values, worldviews and political orientation, are key factors alongside demographic variables. Yet little is known about cross-national differences in these effects, as most studies have been conducted in a single or small number of countries and cross-study comparisons are difficult due to different conceptualisations of key climate change dimensions. Using data from the European Social Survey Round 8 (n = 44,387), we examine how key socio-political and demographic factors are associated with climate change perception across 22 European countries and Israel. We show that human values and political orientation are important predictors of climate change beliefs and concern, as are the demographics of gender, age, and education. Certain associations with climate change perceptions, such as the ones for the self-transcendence versus self-enhancement value dimension, political orientation, and education, are more consistent across countries than for gender and age. However, even if the direction of the associations are to a large extent consistent, the sizes of the effects are not. We demonstrate that the sizes of the effects are generally smaller in Central and Eastern European countries, and that some demographic effects are larger in Northern European as compared to Western European countries. This suggests that findings from one country do not always generalize to other national contexts.  相似文献   

基于反射地震资料探讨泥河湾盆地的新生代和中生代地层     

朱小三  钱荣毅  王永  董进  迟振卿  姚培毅 《地质学报》2015,89(12):2236-2249

查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列及基底的分布与赋存形态是研究泥河湾盆地形成机制的基础性工作。本研究在泥河湾盆地桑干河与壶流河交接处附近采集了四条测线的反射地震数据,通过对精细处理后的地震剖面进行详细分析,在剖面上厘定了三个具有明显强反射标志的地层,即古近系的玄武岩、侏罗系上统的含煤地层和侏罗系下统的含煤地层;其中,新近系沉积层与古近系玄武岩界面在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为0.3~0.6s,深度范围为300~500m,而第四系泥河湾组底界由南西到北东逐渐加深,其界面深度为200~300m;侏罗系上统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时在0.8s上下波动,其深度约为1200m,探测出侏罗系上统顶界面的深度范围为800~1100m;侏罗系下统含煤地层在地震剖面上出现的双程旅行时为1.0~1.4s,深度范围为1800~2000m,由此推测出中生界侏罗系与古生界寒武系地层分界线的深度为2000m左右;根据地震反射波阻抗差别推测出新元古界和太古界地层的分界面在地震剖面上出现的时间约为2.5s,其深度为4000m左右。本研究通过四条反射地震测线的数据基本上查明了泥河湾盆地位于探测区处第四系泥河湾组底界面的深度分布范围及起伏形态、侏罗系上统顶界面和下统底界面的大致埋深,为查明泥河湾盆地新生界及中生界地层序列提供了基础性的参考信息。  相似文献   

Linking pesticides and human health: A geographic information system (GIS) and Landsat remote sensing method to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Accurate pesticide exposure estimation is integral to epidemiologic studies elucidating the role of pesticides in human health. Humans can be exposed to pesticides via residential proximity to agricultural pesticide applications (drift). We present an improved geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing method, the Landsat method, to estimate agricultural pesticide exposure through matching pesticide applications to crops classified from temporally concurrent Landsat satellite remote sensing images in California. The image classification method utilizes Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values in a combined maximum likelihood classification and per-field (using segments) approach. Pesticide exposure is estimated according to pesticide-treated crop fields intersecting 500 m buffers around geocoded locations (e.g., residences) in a GIS. Study results demonstrate that the Landsat method can improve GIS-based pesticide exposure estimation by matching more pesticide applications to crops (especially temporary crops) classified using temporally concurrent Landsat images compared to the standard method that relies on infrequently updated land use survey (LUS) crop data. The Landsat method can be used in epidemiologic studies to reconstruct past individual-level exposure to specific pesticides according to where individuals are located.  相似文献   

柴北缘双口山荒漠戈壁景观区1∶5万“HS-9-4”弱小化探异常的矿化发现及意义     

徐永利 《地质与勘探》2015,51(2):345-352

双口山荒漠、戈壁景观区位于我国柴北缘重要成矿带上。该景观区1∶5万水系沉积物测量发现"HS-9-4"综合异常弱小、零散、峰值低;元素空间套合性差,无规律性;多元素仅有1级异常分带。根据其本身自然地理景观,经"衬度异常法"与常规方法对比,发现"HS-9-4"弱小异常值得重视,对该异常开展了查证工作,最终在异常区发现了多处与金相关的矿(化)体及线索,为下一步地质工作提供了可靠依据。  相似文献   

基于地理国情普查的县域景观格局分析与优化建议——以佛山市三水区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王华  王海云  程迎轩 《地理信息世界》2015,(3):89-94

快速城镇化进程带来城市地表覆盖类型及其空间组合关系的剧烈变化,由此造成资源短缺、环境污染、生态恶化等诸多问题。景观格局分析与优化方法对合理利用和优化配置土地资源至关重要,而地理国情普查为此提供基础数据支撑。本文选取景观斑块水平和景观类型水平指数,基于地理国情普查数据,对佛山市三水区地表覆盖景观类型特征和景观格局特征进行量化分析。研究结果表明:三水区水域和林地构成景观基质,山水城市特征明显;城乡人文景观优势度相对较高,城市开发对生态景观破碎化作用显著;三水区土地综合整治工作有待加强。  相似文献   

页岩气资源调查评价中的采样测试工作     

李昭容  梁晓玲  王志文 《国土资源导刊(湖南)》2015,(1):90-95

页岩气是一种新的能源矿产,具有巨大的勘查开发潜力,现已成为全球油气勘探的一个新领域。采样测试作为一种勘查手段,在页岩气气藏岩性、成因来源、赋存形式、成藏特征、成藏条件、含气量等方面的研究中起着极其重要的作用,在页岩气的勘查开发中具有极其重要的意义。在页岩气资源评价等勘查中,正确采集测试样品、合理选定测试项目和测试方法、有效运用采样测试这一勘查手段,是页岩气资源调查评价中一项十分重要的工作。  相似文献   

督察区域地类图斑自动套合方法     

李霄  李勇志  孙禧勇  赵政  李伊峤  张高强 《测绘通报》2021,(5):120-123,144

自然资源督察工作中,为确定目标区域是否存在土地利用违法行为,需要利用ArcGIS软件对目标区域和地类图斑数据进行空间计算、汇总统计等套合工作,为督察工作实施提供数据支撑。目前,人工套合存在制作成本高、工作量大、准确性低、数据命名存储格式不一致等问题。为此,本文基于Python实现了地类图斑自动套合的方法,该方法可以自动完成目标区域与地类图斑的空间计算、字段计算、Excel导出,以及生成数据透视表等工作,极大地减小了技术人员的工作量,有效缩短了督察工作的数据准备时间,对提高自然资源督察工作的效率具有实践意义。  相似文献